Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire - Parent Version

Instrument Name: Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire - Parent Version

Abbreviation: CHAQ-PV

Points for Consideration:

Widely used. New Norms and other populations needed.

Description of Tool:

The Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire - Parent Version asks parents to rate their child's ability to do functional tasks over the last week. Activities are rated as "without any difficulty," "with some difficulty," "with much difficulty," "unable to do," and "Not applicable". The tool covers 9 domains, including: Disability,
Dressing and Grooming,
Arising, Eating, Walking,
Hygiene, Reach, Grip,
Activities, and Discomfort. Scores range from 0 to 24, with lower scores representing better functional status.

Other Related Tools (if applicable):

CHAQ - Child Version

Minimum Qualification Required by COA Administrator: No degree requirement

Year: 1994

Objective of Development:

To measure the functional status in children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA)

Population of Development: Age range (therapeutic indication):

1 to 19 years (Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis)

Pediatric Population(s) in which COA has been used:

CHAQ: Skin and Connective Tissue Diseases; Hemic and Lymphatic Diseases; Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities; Musculoskeletal diseases; Immune system diseases; Eye diseases; Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases; Nervous system diseases; Wounds and injuries; Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms; Cardiovascular Diseases; Virus diseases; Digestive System Diseases; Bacterial infections

COA type:

Number of Items 30 for Disability Index + 6 others items

Mode of Administration:

Data Collection Mode:

Time for Completion: 10 minutes

Response Scales: Varies by item: 5-point verbal rating scale from 0 "Without any difficulty" to 3 "Unable to do"; Visual Analog Scale (VAS); Multiple-choice questions

Summary of Scoring:

Available Scores:
Global score ranging from 0 to 24
Scores by domains
Scores by items

Weighting: No

Score Interpretation: Lower score = Better functional status

Evidence of Literature Review: None identified

Evidence of Instrument Review: Yes

Evidence of Clinical or Expert Input: Yes

Evidence of concept elicitation in target patient population: None identified

Evidence of a Saturation Grid: None identified

Evidence for Selection of Data Collection Method: None identified

Recall/Observation Period:

Evidence for Selection of Reponse Options: None identified

Evidence of cognitive interviewing of draft instrument in target patient population: Yes

Evidence of Preliminary Scoring of Items and Domains: Yes

Evidence related to respondent and administrator burden: None identified

Evidence of a Conceptual Framework: None identified

Evidence of an item-tracking matrix: None identified

Evidence related to item selection: Yes

Evidence of re-testing the final version: None identified

Internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha): Yes

Evidence of internal consistency:

Test-retest Reliability (ICC):

Singh G (1994)
Disability index:
- Spearman's correlation coefficient: 0.8; p<0.002 - Paired t-test: No difference between the 2 assessments (p>0.4)
- Was a definition of stability applied to identify stable patients: No
- Time frame or interval between the two administrations: 12.8 days
- Population/disease: Parents of Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis (JRA) patients (1-19 years (mean + SEM 9.1 + 0.6 years)); n= 13

Inter-rater/ inter-interviewer reliability (kappa):

Not applicable

Evidence of test-retest or inter-rater reliability: Yes

Concurrent validity (convergent, divergent):

None identified

Known-group validity:

Singh G (1994)
Disability index:
- Measures: Steinbrocker functional class / Number of involved joints (from rheumatology assessment)/ Disease severity (Physician's assessment)
- A priori hypotheses: Not stated
- Were hypotheses confirmed: Not applicable
- Results: Kendall's tau b (τ):The disability index showed a positive concordance with the Steinbrocker functional class (τ=0.77; p<0.0001), with the number of involved joints (τ=0.67; p<0.0001) and with disease severity (τ=0.67; p<0.0001) - Population/disease: Parents of Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis (JRA) patients (1-19 years (mean + SEM 9.1 + 0.6 years); n= 72 Leone (2011)[version Not specified] KNown-groups validity - Measure/Groups of patients: Patients stratifed according to paediatric British Isles Lupus Assessment Group (BILAG) 2004 Index (pBILAG2004) disease severity score (n per group Not stated): - Score A: severe disease activiy - Score B: moderate disease activity - Score C or less - A priori hypotheses: Not stated - Were hypotheses confirmed: Not applicable - Results: Mann–Whitney Nonparametric test. C-HAQ scores were significantly higher in patients with pBILAG2004 Severity score A and B than in patients with score C or less (p< 0.0001; exact data Not stated) - Population/Disease: Children with juvenile-onset SLE (JSLE) (age range Not stated); n= 94 Phillips D (2018)[version Not specified] - Measure/Groups of patients: Modified Performance-Oriented Mobility Assessment-Gait (mPOMA-G) - A priori hypotheses: Not stated - Were hypotheses confirmed: Not applicable - Results: Pearson correlation coefficient. The was significant correlation between C-HAQ scores and mPOMA-G scores in the infantile group (21 observations) (r= -0.86; p< 0.0001) and in the childhood group (39 observations) (r= -0.72; p< 0.0001) - Population/Disease: Children with infantile (n = 5) and childhood hypophosphatasia (HPP) (n = 8) (age range 5-15 years) Hogler (2017)[version Not specified] - Measure/Groups of patients: Body Mass Index (BMI) z score - A priori hypotheses: Not stated - Were hypotheses confirmed: Not applicable - Results: Spearman correlation coefficient. The was a significant positive correlation between C-HAQ scores and BMI z scores at basline (rho= 0.552; p= 0.005) - Population/Disease: Children with Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI) types 1 and 4 (age range 5-16 years; mean age 8.72); n= 24

Evidence of Translatability Assessment: None identified

Evidence related to missing data: None identified

Evidence for Selection of Recall Period: None identified

Evidence of Administration Instructions and Training Provided: None identified

Evidence of concurrent validity: None identified

Evidence of known-groups validity: Yes

Evidence of ability to detect change over time: Yes

Ability to detect change (Responsiveness):

Tomazos (2016)[version Not specified]
- Population/Disease: Children with Hypophosphatasia (HPP) (age range 5-12 years); 127 data points
- Time horizon: Not stated
- Measure: 6-minute walking distance (6MWD) test
- Statistics used: Person's correlation coefficient
- Results: There was significant correlation between changes in the 6MWD and changes in the CHAQ Disability Index (r= 0.57; p< 0.001) Whyte (2018)[version Not specified] - Population/Disease: Children with Hypophosphatasia (HPP) (age range 5-12 years); 84 data points - Time horizon: Not stated - Measure: Radiographic Global Impression of Change (RGI-C) - Statistics used: Person's correlation coefficient - Results: There was significant correlation between changes from baseline in the RGI-C and changes from baseline in the CHAQ Disability Index (r= −0.589; p< 0.0001) Meiorin (2008) [both versions, combined results] Methods: - Population/Disease: Children with Active Juvenile Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (age at onset <18 years, median age at onset 12.3 years (IQR 10.2–14.1 years)); n= 465 - Time horizon: After 6 months of a major therapeutic intervention - Group definition: According to the PRINTO/ACR juvenile SLE definition of improvement which classifies as responders all patients who show an improvement of at least 50% versus baseline in any 2 of the 5 PRINTO core set variables, with No more than 1 of the remaining variables worsening by more than 30% - Statistics used: Mann-Whitney U test; Standardized Response Mean (SRM); p< 0.0001 for all variables Results: - Group size: - Responders: n= 353 - Non-responders: n= 112 - Magnitude of change for each group: - Responders: SRM (95% Confidence Interval) Dressing and personal care: 0.66 (0.56–0.76) Arising: 0.63 (0.54–0.72) Eating: 0.59 (0.52–0.67) Walking: 0.64 (0.54–0.73) Hygiene: 0.59 (0.50–0.68) Reach: 0.60 (0.51–0.70) Grip: 0.60 (0.51–0.69) Activities: 0.78 (0.68–0.88) C-HAQ DI (total): 0.74 (0.66–0.82) Parent’s global assessment of patient’s overall well-being (range 0–10 cm): 1.18 (1.03–1.33) Parent’s global assessment of patient’s pain (0–10 cm): 0.95 (0.83–1.06) - Non-Responders: Data Not stated

Evidence of responder thresholds: None identified

Singh G, Athreya BH, Fries JF, Goldsmith DP. Measurement of health status in children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 1994 Dec;37(12):1761-9
(Full text article : https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/art.1780371209)

Geerdink LM, Prince FH, Looman CW, van Suijlekom-Smit LW. Development of a digital Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire for systematic monitoring of disease activity in daily practice. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2009 Aug;48(8):958-63 (Full text article: https://academic.oup.com/rheumatology/article/48/8/958/1786586)

[Conference abstract] Tomazos I, Moseley S, Sawyer E. Determination of the minimal clinically important difference in the Six-Minute Walk Test for patients with hypophosphatasia. Hormone Research in Paediatrics. Conference: 55th Annual Meeting of the European Society for Paediatric EndocriNology, ESPE 2016. France. 86 (Supplement 1) (pp 32-33), 2016. Date of Publication: September 2016. (https://www.karger.com/Article/Abstract/449142)

Whyte MP, Fujita KP, Moseley S, Thompson DD, McAlister WH. Validation of a Novel Scoring System for Changes in Skeletal Manifestations of Hypophosphatasia in Newborns, Infants, and Children: The Radiographic Global Impression of Change Scale. J Bone Miner Res. 2018 May;33(5):868-874. (Full Text Article: https://asbmr.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/jbmr.3377)

Meiorin S, Pistorio A, Ravelli A, Iusan SM, Filocamo G, Trail L, Oliveira S, Cuttica R, Espada G, Alessio M, Mihaylova D, Cortis E, Martini A, Ruperto N; Paediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organisation. Validation of the Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire in active juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum. 2008 Aug 15;59(8):1112-9. (Full Text Article: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/art.23912)

[Conference abstract] Leone V, McDonagh J, Pilkington C. The use of a paediatric adapted version of the british isles lupus assessment group 2004 index in assessing disease activity in juvenile-onset systemic lupus erythematosus. Rheumatology. Conference: British Society for Paediatric and Adolescent Rheumatology Annual Conference 2010, BSPAR 2010. Newcastle Upon Tyne United Kingdom. Conference Publication: (var.pagings). 50 (SUPPL. 1) (pp i4-i5), 2011. Date of Publication: February 2011.

Phillips D, Griffin D, Przybylski T, et al. Development and validation of a modified performance-oriented mobility assessment tool for assessing mobility in children with hypophosphatasia. J Pediatr Rehabil Med. 2018;11(3):187-192. doi:10.3233/PRM-170523. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6294582/

Högler W, Scott J, Bishop N, Arundel P, Nightingale P, Mughal MZ, Padidela R, Shaw N, Crabtree N. The Effect of Whole Body Vibration Training on Bone and Muscle Function in Children With Osteogenesis Imperfecta. J Clin EndocriNol Metab. 2017 Aug 1;102(8):2734-2743. https://academic.oup.com/jcem/article/102/8/2734/3788880

[Conference abstract] Greenler A.J, Schanberg LE, Flannery MP. Validation of promis modules for use in childhood-onset lupus. Arthritis and Rheumatism. Conference: Annual Scientific Meeting of the American College of Rheumatology and Association of Rheumatology Health Professionals 2012. Washington, DC United States. Conference Publication: (var.pagings). 64 (SUPPL. 10) (pp S126), 2012. Date of Publication: October 2012.https://acrabstracts.org/abstract/validation-of-promis-modules-for-use-in-childhood-onset-lupus/

Dempster, Helen, et al. "The clinical meaning of functional outcome scores in children with juvenile arthritis." Arthritis & Rheumatism 44.8 (2001): 1768-1774. (Full text article: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/1529-0131(200108)44:8%3C1768::AID-ART312%3E3.0.CO;2-Q)

Yes

Aldurazyme, Laronidase (EMA, 2003)
Results:
Efficacy results of the open label Extension Study ALID-006-01: The open label extension study showed improvement and/or maintenance of these effects up to 208 weeks in the Aldurazyme/Aldurazyme group and 182 weeks in the Placebo/Aldurazyme group as indicated in the table below.

[Please see Table in the subworksheet "Aldurazyme_EMA_CHAQ"]

Lamzede, Velmanase Alfa (EMA, 2018)
Results:
Study rhLAMAN-10: Statistically significant improvements were detected in serum oligosaccharide levels, 3MSCT, serum IgG and EQ-5D-5L (euro quality of life-5 dimensions) over time, up to the last observation (table 3). The effects of velmanase alfa were more evident in patients younger than 18 years. Data suggest that the beneficial effects of the treatment with velmanase alfa diminish with the increase of disease burden and disease-related respiratory infections. A post-hoc multiparametric responders analysis supports the benefit of longer treatment with velmanase alfa in 87.9% of responders in at least 2 domains at last observation (table 4).

[Please see Table 4 in the subworksheet "Lamzede_EMA_CHAQ"]

Ilaris, Canakinumab (EMA, 2009)
Results:
Study G2305: Health-related and quality of life outcomes: Treatment with Ilaris resulted in clinically relevant improvements in patients’ physical function and quality of life. In study G2305, the Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire Least Squares means improvement was 0.69 for Ilaris vs placebo representing 3.6 times the minimal clinically important difference of 0.19 (p=0.0002). Statistically significant improvements in the Child Health Questionnaire-PF50 scores were reported for Ilaris vs placebo in study G2305 (physical p=0.0012; psychosocial well-being p=0.0017).
Study G2301: Health-related and quality of life outcomes: Treatment with Ilaris resulted in clinically relevant improvements in patients’ physical function and quality of life. The median improvement from baseline to end of part I was 0.88 (79%).

Actemra, Tocilizumab (FDA, 2010)
Results:
Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis- IntraveNous administration: Health Related Outcomes: Physical function and disability were assessed using the Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index (CHAQ-DI). Seventy-seven percent (58 out of 75) of patients in the ACTEMRA treatment group achieved a minimal clinically important improvement in CHAQ-DI (change from baseline of 2 0.13 units) at week 12 compared to 19% (7 out of 37)in the placebo treatment group.

RoActemra, Tocilizumab (EMA, 2009)
Results:
sJIA Patients: Health related and quality of life outcomes: At week 12, the proportion of tocilizumab treated patients showing a minimally clinically important improvement in the Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire – Disability Index (defined as an individual total score decrease of ≥ 0.13) was significantly higher than in placebo treated patients, 77% versus 19% (p<0.0001).https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/aldurazyme; https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/roactemra; https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2021/125276s131lbl.pdf; https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/ilaris; https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/lamzede

Original language: English for the USA

Translations:
Zulu for South Africa
Xhosa for South Africa
Vietnamese for Vietnam
Ukrainian for Ukraine
Turkish for Turkey
Thai for Thailand
Telugu for India
Tamil for Malaysia
Tamil for India
Tagalog for the Philippines
Swedish for Sweden
Swedish for Finland
Spanish for Venezuela
Spanish for the USA
Spanish for the Philippines
Spanish for Spain
Spanish for Puerto Rico
Spanish for Peru
Spanish for Mexico
Spanish for Guatemala
Spanish for Dominican Republic
Spanish for Cuba
Spanish for Costa Rica
Spanish for Colombia
Spanish for Chile
Spanish for Argentina
Slovenian for Slovenia
Slovak for Slovakia
Sesotho for South Africa
Serbian for Serbia
Serbian for Bosnia
Russian for Ukraine
Russian for Russia
Russian for Lithuania
Russian for Latvia
Russian for Israel
Russian for Estonia
Romanian for Romania
Portuguese for Brazil
Portuguese for Portugal
Polish for Poland
Norwegian for Norway
Marathi for India
Malay for Malaysia
Lithuanian for Lithuania
Latvian for Latvia
Korean for Korea
Kannada for India
Japanese for Japan
Italian for Switzerland
Italian for Italy
Hungarian for Hungary
Hindi for India
Hebrew for Israel
Greek for Greece
German for Switzerland
German for Germany
German for Austria
Georgian for Georgia
French for Switzerland
French for Greece
French for France
French for Canada
French for Belgium
Finnish for Finland
Estonian for Estonia
English for the UK
English for the Philippines
English for South Africa
English for Malaysia
English for Israel
English for Greece
English for Canada
English for Belgium
English for Australia
English (UK) for Hong Kong
Dutch for the Netherlands
Dutch for Belgium (Flemish)
Danish for Denmark
Czech for Czech Republic
Croatian for Croatia
Chinese for Taiwan (Traditional)
Chinese for Taiwan (Simplified)
Chinese for Malaysia (Unified)
Chinese for Hong-Kong (Traditional)
Chinese for Hong-Kong (Simplified)
Chinese for China (Traditional)
Chinese for China (Simplified)
Catalan for Spain
Bulgarian for Bulgaria
Bosnian for Bosnia
Arabic for the United Arab Emirates
Arabic for Saudi Arabia
Arabic for Oman
Arabic for Israel
Arabic for Egypt
Afrikaans for South Africa

Arabic:
Al-Mayouf SM. Cross cultural adaptation and validation of the Arabic version of the CHAQ for measuring functional status in children with JIA. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2004 MarApr;22(2):267; author reply 267
Madi SM, Al-Mayouf SM, Grainger CG, Bahabri SA. The Arabic version of childhood health assessment questionnaire modified for Arabic children. Saudi Med J. 2004 Jan;25(1):83-87
el Miedany YM, Youssef SS, el Gaafary M. Cross cultural adaptation and validation of the Arabic version of the Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire for measuring functional status in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2003 MayJun;21(3):387-93
Bulgarian:
Mihaylova D, Ruperto N, Kibarova V, Teltcharova-Mihaylovska A, Kalaikov D, StefaNov S, Lisichki K, Bojidarova M; Paediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organisation. The Bulgarian version of the Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire (CHAQ) and the Child Health Questionnaire (CHQ). Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2001 Jul-Aug;19(4 Suppl 23):S30-4
Croatian:
Harjacek M, Ruperto N, Ostojic J, Bukovac LT; Paediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organisation. The Croatian version of the Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire (CHAQ) and the Child Health Questionnaire (CHQ). Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2001 Jul-Aug;19(4Suppl 23):S40-4
Czech:
Dolezalova P, Ruperto N, Nemcova D, Blichova M, Hoza J; Paediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organisation. The Czech version of the Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire (CHAQ) and the Child Health Questionnaire (CHQ). Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2001 Jul-Aug;19(4 Suppl 23):S45-9
Danish:
Nielsen S, Ruperto N, Herlin T, Pedersen FK; Paediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organisation. The Danish version of the Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire (CHAQ) and the Child Health Questionnaire (CHQ). Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2001 Jul-Aug;19(4Suppl 23):S50-4
Dutch:
Wulffraat N, van der Net JJ, Ruperto N, Kamphuis S, Prakken BJ, Ten Cate R, Van Soesbergen RM, Van Rossum MA, Raat H, Landgraf JM, Kuis W; Paediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organisation. The Dutch version of the Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire (CHAQ) and the Child Health Questionnaire (CHQ). Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2001 Jul-Aug;19(4 Suppl 23):S111-5
Dutch for Belgium:
Joos R, Ruperto N, Wouters C, Boven K, Raat H, Landgraf JM, Veys EM; Paediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organisation. The Belgian-Flemish version of the Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire (CHAQ) and the Child Health Questionnaire (CHQ). Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2001 Jul-Aug;19(4 Suppl 23):S20-4
English for the UK:
Nugent J, Ruperto N, Grainger J, Machado C, Sawhney S, Baildam E, Davidson J, Foster H, Hall A, Hollingworth P, Sills J, Venning H, Walsh JE, Landgraf JM, Roland M, Woo P, Murray KJ; Paediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organisation. The British version of the Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire (CHAQ) and the Child Health Questionnaire (CHQ). Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2001 Jul-Aug;19(4 Suppl 23):S163-7
Finnish:
Pelkonen P, Ruperto N, Honkanen V, Hannula S, Savolainen A, Lahdenne P; Paediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organisation. The Finnish version of the Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire (CHAQ) and the Child Health Questionnaire (CHQ). Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2001 Jul-Aug;19(4 Suppl 23):S55-9
French:
Pouchot J, Larbre JP, Lemelle I, Sommelet D, Grouteau E, David L, Duquesne A, Deslandre CJ, Kone Paut I, Pillet P, Goumy L, Barbier C, Guyot MH, Mazingue F, Laloum SG, Fischbac M, Quartier P, Guyot C, Jean S, Legall E, Plouvier E, Bost M, de Lumley L, Bregeon C, Guillemin F, Coste J, Prieur AM; Pediatric Rheumatology Interational Trials Organisation Qualite de Vie en Rhumatologie Group. Validation of the French version of the
Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire (CHAQ) in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Joint Bone Spine. 2002 Oct;69(5):468-81
Pouchot J, Ruperto N, Lemelle I, Sommelet D, Grouteau E, David L, Duquesne A, Job Deslandre C, Kone Paut I, Pillet P, Goumy L, Barbier C, Guyot MH, Mazingue F, Gandon Laloum S, Fischbach M, Quartier P, Guyot C, Jean S, Le Gall E, Plouvier E, Bost M, de Lumley L, LePlege A, Larbre JP, Guillemin F, Coste J, Landgraf JM, Prieur AM; Paediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organisation. French Study Group for Quality of Life in
Rheumatology. The French version of the Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire (CHAQ) and the Child Health Questionnaire (CHQ). Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2001 Jul-Aug;19(4 Suppl 23):S60-5
French for Switzerland and German for Switzerland:
Hofer M, Ruperto N, Saurenmann R, Sauvain MJ, Huppertz HI, Landgraf JM, Prieur AM; Paediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organisation. The Swiss German and Swiss French versions of the Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire (CHAQ) and the Child Health Questionnaire (CHQ). Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2001 Jul-Aug;19(4 Suppl 23):S151-7
Georgian:
Pagava K, Ruperto N, Shalamberidze L, Mshvidobadze N; Paediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organisation. The Georgian version of the Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire (CHAQ) and the Child Health Questionnaire (CHQ). Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2001 Jul-Aug;19(4 Suppl 23):S66-70
German:
Foeldvari I, Ruperto N, Dressler F, Hafner R, Kuster RM, Michels H, Minden K, SchauerPetrowskaja C, Bullinger M, Landgraf JM, Huppertz HI; Paediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organisation. The German version of the Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire (CHAQ) and the Child Health Questionnaire (CHQ). Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2001 Jul-Aug;19(4 Suppl 23):S71-5
German for Austria:
Huemer C, Ruperto N, Huemer M, Sailer-Hoeck M, Kaulfersch W, Schwarz R, Rettenbacher A, Kenzian H, Artacker G, Pilz I, Bernecker M, Huppertz HI, Landgraf JM; Paediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organisation. The Austrian version of the Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire (CHAQ) and the Child Health Questionnaire (CHQ). Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2001 Jul-Aug;19(4 Suppl 23):S15-9
Greek:
Pratsidou-Gertsi P, Vougiouka O, Tsitsami E, Ruperto N, Siamopoulou-Mavridou A, Dracou C, Daskas I, Trachana M, Alaleou V, Kanakoudi-Tsakalidou F; Paediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organisation. The Greek version of the Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire (CHAQ) and the Child Health Questionnaire (CHQ). Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2001 Jul-Aug;19(4 Suppl 23):S76-80
Hebrew:
Hashkes P, Uziel Y, Press J, Brik R, Navon-Elkan P, Mukamel M, Libman E, Tauber T, Ruperto N, Barash J; Paediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organisation. The Hebrew version of the Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire (CHAQ) and the Child Health Questionnaire (CHQ). Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2001 Jul-Aug;19(4 Suppl 23):S86-90
Hungarian:
Orban I, Ruperto N, Balogh Z; Paediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organisation. The Hungarian version of the Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire (CHAQ) and the Child Health Questionnaire (CHQ). Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2001 Jul-Aug;19(4 Suppl 23):S81-5
Italian:
Ruperto N, Ravelli A, Pistorio A, Malattia C, Viola S, Cavuto S, Alessio M, Alpigiani MG, Buoncompagni A, Corona F, Cortis E, Falcini F, Gerloni V, Lepore L, Sardella ML, StraNo CG, Zulian F, Gado-West L, Tortorelli A, Fantini F, Martini A; Paediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organisation. The Italian version of the Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire (CHAQ) and the Child Health Questionnaire (CHQ). Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2001 Jul-Aug;19(4 Suppl 23):S91-5
Korean:
Bae SC, Ruperto N, Lee JH, Uhm WS, Park YW, Kim SY; Paediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organisation. The Korean version of the Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire (CHAQ) and the Child Health Questionnaire (CHQ). Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2001 Jul-Aug;19(4 Suppl 23):S96-100
Latvian:
Rumba I, Ruperto N, Bikis E, Remberga S, Saulite I, Plotkina N, Viksna A, Krauca M, Breca I, Vikmanis U; Paediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organisation. The Latvian version of the Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire (CHAQ) and the Child Health Questionnaire (CHQ). Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2001 Jul-Aug;19(4 Suppl 23):S101-5
Norwegian:
Selvaag AM, Ruperto N, Asplin L, Rygg M, Landgraf JM, Forre O, Flato B; Paediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organisation. The Norwegian version of the Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire (CHAQ) and the Child Health Questionnaire (CHQ). Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2001 Jul-Aug;19(4 Suppl 23):S116-20
Flato B, Sorskaar D, Vinje O, Lien G, Aasland A, Moum T, Forre O. Measuring disability in early juvenile rheumatoid arthritis: evaluation of a Norwegian version of the childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire. J Rheumatol. 1998 Sep;25(9):1851-8
Polish:
Romicka AM, Ruperto N, Gutowska-Grzegorczyk G, Musiej-Nowakowska E, Wyszynska E; Paediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organisation. The Polish version of the Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire (CHAQ) and the Child Health Questionnaire (CHQ). Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2001 Jul-Aug;19(4 Suppl 23):S121-5
Portuguese:
Melo-Gomes JA, Ruperto N, Canhao H, Fonseca JE, Quintal A, Salgado M, Santos MJ; Paediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organisation. The Portuguese version of the Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire (CHAQ) and the Child Health Questionnaire (CHQ). Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2001 Jul-Aug;19(4 Suppl 23):S126-30
Portuguese for Brazil:
Machado CS, Ruperto N, Silva CH, Ferriani VP, Roscoe I, Campos LM, Oliveira SK, Kiss MH, Bica BE, Sztajnbok F, Len CA, Melo-Gomes JA; Paediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organisation. The Brazilian version of the Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire (CHAQ) and the Child Health Questionnaire (CHQ). Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2001 Jul-Aug;19(4 Suppl 23):S25-9
Russian:
Nikishina I, Ruperto N, Kuzmina N, Shelepina T, IllarioNova O, Salougina S, Kaleda M, Borodacheva O; Paediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organisation. The Russian version of the Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire (CHAQ) and the Child Health Questionnaire (CHQ). Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2001 Jul-Aug;19(4 Suppl 23):S131-5
Serbian:
Susic G, Ruperto N, StojaNovic R, Gacic D, Pilipovic N, Pasic S, JovaNovic M, Minic A, Vukojevic P, Limic B, Djordjevic S, Milenkovic M, Plecas D, Milenkovic P, Martini A; Paediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organisation. The Serbian version of the Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire (CHAQ) and the Child Health Questionnaire (CHQ). Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2001 Jul-Aug;19(4 Suppl 23):S168-72
Slovak:
Vesely R, Ruperto N, Vargova V, LescisiNova M, Mozolova D, Koskova E, Macejkova E, Hyrdelova E, Martini A; Paediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organisation. The Slovak version of the Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire (CHAQ) and the Child Health Questionnaire (CHQ). Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2001 Jul-Aug;19(4 Suppl 23):S136-40
Spanish:
De INocencio J, Garcia-Consuegra J, MeriNo R, Calvo I, Garcia JJ, Ruperto N; Paediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organisation. The European Spanish version of the Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire (CHAQ) and the Child Health Questionnaire (CHQ). Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2001 Jul-Aug;19(4 Suppl 23):S141-5
Goycochea-Robles MV, GarduNo-EspiNosa J, Vilchis-Guizar E, Ortiz-Alvarez O, BurgosVargas R. Validation of a Spanish version of the Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire. J Rheumatol. 1997 Nov;24(11):2242-5
Spanish (Castillian):
Garcia-Garcia JJ, Gonzalez-Pascual E, Pou-Fernandez J, Singh G, Jimenez R. Development of a Spanish (Castillian) version of the Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire. Measurement of health status in children with juvenile chronic arthritis. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2000 Jan-Feb;18(1):95-102
Spanish for Argentina:
Moroldo MB, Ruperto N, Espada G, Russo R, Liberatore D, Cuttica R, Giacomone D, Garay S, De INocencio J, De Cunto C; Paediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organisation. The Argentinian version of the Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire (CHAQ) and the
Child Health Questionnaire (CHQ). Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2001 Jul-Aug;19(4 Suppl 23):S10-4
Spanish for Chile:
Miranda M, Ruperto N, Toso MS, Lira LW, Gonzalez B, Norambuena X, Quezada A, De INocencio J, Mendez C; Paediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organisation. The Chilean version of the Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire (CHAQ) and the Child Health Questionnaire (CHQ). Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2001 Jul-Aug;19(4 Suppl 23):S35-9
Spanish for Costa Rica:
Arguedas O, Andersson-Gare B, Fasth A, Porras O. Development of a Costa Rican version of the Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire. J Rheumatol. 1997 Nov;24(11):2233-41
Spanish for Mexico:
Duarte C, Ruperto N, Goycochea MV, Maldonado R, Beristain R, De INocencio J, BurgosVargas R; Paediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organisation. The Mexican version of the Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire (CHAQ) and the Child Health Questionnaire (CHQ). Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2001 Jul-Aug;19(4 Suppl 23):S106-10
Swedish:
Andersson Gare B, Ruperto N, Berg S, Hagelberg S, Jonsson NO, Magnusson B, Martinell J, Erling A, Landgraf JM; Paediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organisation. The Swedish version of the Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire (CHAQ) and the Child Health Questionnaire (CHQ). Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2001 Jul-Aug;19(4 Suppl 23):S146-50
Turkish version:
Ozdogan H, Ruperto N, Kasapcopur O, Bakkaloglu A, Arisoy N, Ozen S, Ugurlu U, Unsal E, Melikoglu M; Paediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organisation. The Turkish version of the Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire (CHAQ) and the Child Health Questionnaire (CHQ). Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2001 Jul-Aug;19(4 Suppl 23):S158-62

Dr. Gurkirpal Singh
Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology
Stanford University School of Medicine
175 EleaNor Drive
Woodside
CA 94062
USA
E-mail: gsingh@stanford.edu

*With author’s written permission
*With fees for commercial/pharmaceutical companies
*With the signature of a contract/agreement
*Academic licenses available for qualifying projects.

Not reported